Velocity is caused by the following factors:
Slope gradient: Gentler the slope, the slower the flow. (caused by gravity)
Channel roughness: Rougher the channel, the slower the flow. (caused by friction)
Wetter perimeter: Bigger surface area, the slower the flow. (big area=more friction)
Volume is caused by the following factors:
Drainage Basin size: Bigger basin, more water.
Presence of vegetation: less plants, more water. (plants take more water plus they increase interception of rain leading to higher infiltration, here is a picture below to help you understand: imagine the tree acts likes a speed brake, when the water slows down, it is easier for the water to enter (infiltrate) the ground as the ground cannot absorb as fast as the volume of water coming down.)
Rock Permeability: Less porous, more water. (think of a dense sponge)
Climate: More rain, more water.
Here is a mind map for river energy for your reference:
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